Figures from Rat Data Tables
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Identical figures below as above, but "Text links" instead of "Icon links"
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Calcium effect in carcinogen-injected rats. The meta-analysis of 17 publications including 1732 rats showed that calcium reduces colon tumour incidence in rats: RR= 0.91 (p=0.03) [Table], with similar RR with Random model (0.92, p=0.06) [Figure]. The hypothesis that calcium specifically reduces high-fat diet promotion was tested by analysing separately studies with high fat (>20% fat, w/w) and low fat diets (< 6%), but both subsets yielded similar RRs 0.93 & 0.92, and p values (see figures: High Fat & Low Fat). Also, we tested the hypothesis that some calcium salts were more protective than others. This was indeed the case: calcium lactate was protective in rats (RR=0.7, p=0.02, Figure), but phosphate, carbonate and gluconate afforded no protection (RR=1, Figure).
Calcium effect in mutated mice. Small intestinal polyp yield increases by +9 and +21% when dietary calcium doubles (79 mice: 2 lines on top of [Table]. Calcium did not reduce the number of colonic polyps either . In contrast, mice fed the high-calcium AIN76 diet had fewer polyps than mice fed the low-calcium Western diet designed by Newmark . This polyp reduction to 37% of control value (weighted mean, p<0.001) cannot however be attributed to calcium alone, since diets also differed for phosphate, fat, and vitamin D content (6 lines at bottom of [Table]).
Text extracted from the article: "Corpet D.E. & Pierre F., 2005, European Journal of Cancer, How good are Rodent Models of Carcinogenesis in Predicting Efficacy in Humans? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Colon Tumour Chemoprevention in Rats, Mice and Men. in the press." Fetch the [preprint] (.pdf)