References to Calcium studies in Rats
that were not included in the meta-analysis
or not shown on PubMed database

• Appleton 1987 => Calcium lactate 24g/l halved he tumor yierd in SD rats initiated with AOM [no incidence data in the article]
  
  
• Two following references were included in the meta-analysis, but are not found in Medline/PubMed:
  
  
• Bull A, Bird RP, Bruce WR, Nigro N, and Medline A: Effect of calcium on azoxymethane induced intestinal tumors in rats. Gastroenterology, 92, abstract #1332 (abstr), 1987. [was never published in full]
  Two experimental protocols were used to evaluate the effect of dietary calcium on colon tumorigenesis. In the first (Study A) 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100-125 g were divided into 4 dietary groups of 30 rats each. The diets were as follows: Calcium (Ca HP04) 0.1% or 1.0% of the diet was added to either a low fat (2% beef fat + 1% corn oil) diet or a high fat (29% beef fat + 1% corn oil) diet. The Ca:P was 1:1 in all diets. 25 rats in each group were given weekly sc injections of azoxymethane 8 mg/kg for 8 weeks. The other five rats in each group served as non carcinogen controls. Rats were killed and intestinal tumors tabulated 26 weeks after the first carcinogen injection.
  In the second study (Study B) 160 F344 female rats received weekly injections of azoxymethane (sc 15 mg/kg for 2 weeks). One week later they were randomized into the 4 dietary groups mentioned above. Each group contained 40 treated and 10 control animals. Nine months after the first injection with carcinogen treatment animals were killed and examined for tumor incidence. Results for the large bowel tumors (average no of tumors/rat) are shown in the table:
  -------------- 3% Fat ------------------ ------ 30% Fat ----------
  -------- 0.1% Ca -- 1.0% Ca ---- ---- 0.1% Ca -- 1.0% Ca
  Study A : 2.9 ------ 3.5 ----------- ------- 3.3 --------- 5.7
  Study B : 1.4 ------ 1.7 ----------- ------- 2.0 --------- 2.7
  Total tumor yield irrespective of the size and type was enhanced by both high levels of calcium and high levels of fat in the diet. Consequently, the results of this animal experiment do not support the hypothesis that supplemental calcium inhibits intestinal tumor formation.
  
  
• Nelson, R. L., Tanure, J. C., Andrianopoulos, G. (1987). "The effect of dietary milk and calcium on experimental colorectal carcinogenesis." Dis Colon Rectum 30(12): 947-9.
  DMH initiated rats. Treatments: Low fat dried milk (37 g/kg diet; N = 18) and calcium carbonate (40 mg/kg rat/day; N = 17). Neither milk-supplemented rats nor calcium carbonate-supplemented rats had fewer DMH-induced colorectal (P = .374) or total gastrointestinal tumors (P = .291) than did regular diet controls (N = 10; by analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Milk supplementation did result in a significant decrease in tumor burden compared with calcium-supplemented and control rats.
  
  
• Corpet D.E. & Pierre F., 2005. This meta-analysis of calcium prevention studies in rats, Eur. J. Cancer, manuscript accepted, June 2005.